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1. India’s energy policy must balance three objectives: environmental sustainability, energy security and affordability. This is often described as the energy trilemma.

2. Environmental sustainability requires a transition towards clean, low-carbon and net-zero energy sources to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions and climate risks.

1. India’s agriculture and allied sectors recorded a decadal growth rate of 4.45 percent during Financial Year 2015–16 to Financial Year 2024–25, the highest among recent decades.

2. Regenerative agriculture is a holistic farming approach that seeks to actively restore soil health, enhance biodiversity, improve carbon storage and strengthen resilience against droughts, heatwaves, floods and other climate stresses.

1. India has about 10.4 crore Scheduled Tribe people, and Minor Forest Produce (MFP) contributes nearly 20–40 percent of the annual income of many forest-dwelling tribal families.

2. Important MFP items include honey, tendu leaves, mahua flowers, tamarind, lac, bamboo, wild herbs, wax, medicinal plants, roots, tubers, cane and tussar cocoons.

1. Bharat Mart, the Virtual Trade Corridor and Bharat-Africa Setu are connected India–UAE initiatives that combine physical trade infrastructure, digital logistics and access to African markets.

2. These initiatives aim to reduce logistics delays, lower compliance costs and help Indian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) enter global supply chains directly.

1. India is shifting from merely signing Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) to ensuring their effective use by exporters. The focus is on increasing exports, investment, employment, product diversification and market access while protecting sensitive domestic sectors.

2. In Financial Year (FY) 2025–26, India’s combined merchandise and services exports reached a record US$ 863.1 billion. Merchandise exports were US$ 441.8 billion, while services exports were US$ 421.3 billion.

1. Bharat Taxi is India’s first cooperative-led ride-hailing platform, established on 6 June 2025 under the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002.

2. It was founded by eight national cooperative institutions: National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC), Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), Krishak Bharati Cooperative Limited (KRIBHCO), Amul, National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Limited (NAFED), National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and National Cooperative Export Limited (NCEL).

1. Navigation with Indian Constellation, or NavIC, is India’s autonomous regional satellite navigation system. It provides Position, Navigation and Timing services over India and about 1,500 km beyond its borders.

2. NavIC strengthens India’s technological and strategic autonomy because it reduces dependence on foreign satellite-navigation systems for civilian, commercial and military needs.

1. Decolonization of the Indian mind means removing mental, cultural and intellectual dependence that developed during colonial rule. It encourages understanding Indian realities through Indian experiences, values and local contexts.

2. Intellectual sovereignty means the ability of a nation to create, validate and apply knowledge independently, based on its own civilizational roots, social needs and strategic interests.

1. India–United States defence relations have developed from Cold War-era hesitation into a broad strategic and defence partnership with growing cooperation in security, technology and industrial production.

2. The partnership is guided by a 10-year India–US Defence Framework for 2025–2035, which provides a roadmap for defence cooperation, technology sharing and military coordination.

2. The Africa Green Minerals Strategy (AGMS) was adopted by African Heads of State at the 38th Ordinary Session of the African Union Assembly. It aims to transform Africa from an exporter of raw minerals into a hub for mineral beneficiation, green industrialisation and value addition.

2. The strategy focuses on green and critical minerals needed for clean-energy technologies, including lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper, graphite and rare earth elements.