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1. In 2025, Sri Lanka’s National People’s Power government under President Anura Kumara Dissanayake consolidated political authority after major victories in national and local elections.

2.The NPP secured around 3,927 seats and approximately 43 percent of the vote in the May 2025 local government elections.

1. In 2025, Pakistan’s political trajectory was shaped by a fragile post-election government under Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, closely aligned with the military establishment.

2. Imran Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf remained popular on the streets but was effectively excluded from formal politics, with its leadership facing criminal cases.

1. In 2025, Nepal witnessed major political upheaval after youth-led Gen Z protests erupted in September and toppled the coalition government led by Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli.

2. After consensus among Gen Z groups, the Army Chief, and the President, former Chief Justice Sushila Karki was appointed as Interim Prime Minister.

1. In 2025, Myanmar remained under entrenched military rule led by the State Administration Council (SAC) under Senior General Min Aung Hlaing.

2. The SAC announced a timetable for general elections scheduled from 28 December 2025 to January 2026.

1. In 2025, the Maldives approved a record National Budget of MVR 64.2 billion, while total expenditure stood at MVR 49.2 billion.

2. Revenue and grants for the Maldives in 2026 were projected at MVR 40.4 billion.

1. Bhutan’s governance model continues to emphasise Gross National Happiness (GNH), balancing cultural traditions with democratic governance and economic modernisation.

2. Since becoming a constitutional monarchy in 2008, Bhutan has maintained political stability through cooperation between the monarchy and parliamentary institutions.

1. In 2025, Bangladesh’s interim government under Muhammad Yunus faced political strain while trying to advance democratic reforms and build consensus among competing political factions.

2. Sheikh Hasina’s Bangladesh Awami League was banned from political activity in 2025, creating a political vacuum that was increasingly occupied by the BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami.

1. In 2025, Afghanistan remained under unchallenged Taliban rule, with authority concentrated in the hands of Emir Hibatullah Akhundzada and no movement toward constitutional or electoral reform.

2. Russia became the only state to formally recognise the Taliban government, doing so in July 2025, followed by commitments on deeper economic and counter-narcotics cooperation.

1. On 8 February 2026, Prime Minister Narendra Modi completed a two-day official Malaysia visit, closely reinforcing the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership formed in 2024 with Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim.

2. India frames Malaysia ties through Act East Policy, Indo-Pacific Vision, and MAHASAGAR Vision (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions), highlighting maritime neighbour synergy overall.

1. Summit held in New Delhi on 4–5 December 2025 reaffirmed India–Russia ties amid Ukraine talks and United States pressure on Russian crude purchases, emphasising strategic autonomy and partnerships.

2. Two-way trade in 2024–25 reached 68.69 billion United States dollars (USD): Russian exports 63.3 billion USD, Indian exports 4.8 billion USD, highlighting a persistent deficit needing diversification significantly.