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1. Electric vehicles use motors powered by stored battery energy; types include battery electric, hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric, and fuel-cell electric vehicles with powertrains.

2. National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 created roadmap; Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in India, called FAME, began in 2015.

1. India’s space startup ecosystem has grown from just one startup in 2014 to more than 400 startups in 2026 following major space sector reforms.

2. India’s space economy is currently valued at about USD 8.4 billion and is projected to reach USD 40–45 billion by 2030, with a target of USD 100 billion by 2040.

1. The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) was launched in September 2021 to create an integrated, citizen-centric digital health ecosystem in India.

2. As of May 2026, more than 104 crore digital health records have been linked to over 93 crore Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA) accounts.

1. The Digital India Programme, launched in 2015, laid the foundation for India’s emerging technology ecosystem by expanding digital infrastructure and connectivity.

2. Optical fibre coverage increased from 19.35 lakh route kilometres in 2019 to 42.36 lakh route kilometres in 2025.

1. The Union Cabinet approved Phase III of the Biomedical Research Career Programme for 2025–26 to 2030–31, with an extended service phase continuing from 2031–32 to 2037–38.

2. The total outlay for BRCP Phase III is ₹1,500 crore, of which the Department of Biotechnology will contribute ₹1,000 crore and the Wellcome Trust will contribute ₹500 crore.

1. India’s bioeconomy expanded from USD 10 billion in 2014 to USD 165.7 billion in 2024, and contributed about 4.25 percent to a national GDP of USD 3.89 trillion.

2. India aims to raise its bioeconomy to USD 300 billion by 2030, reflecting the sector’s growing importance in sustainable growth, innovation, biotechnology, healthcare, and industrial transformation.

1. India’s Gross Expenditure on Research and Development rose from ₹60,196.75 crore in 2010–11 to ₹1,27,380.96 crore in 2020–21, showing a more than twofold increase.

2. Per capita research and development expenditure increased from PPP$ 29.2 in 2007–08 to PPP$ 42.0 in 2020–21, indicating a steady rise in innovation spending.

1. As of February 2026, India’s regulated drone ecosystem included over 38,500 registered drones, 39,890 DGCA certified remote pilots, and 244 approved Remote Pilot Training Organisations across India currently.

2. Under the SVAMITVA scheme, nearly 3.44 lakh villages were targeted, and drone surveys were completed in 3.28 lakh villages by December 2025, covering about 95 percent overall target.

1. India’s first passenger train ran on 16 April 1853 between Bombay and Thane, covering about 34 to 35 kilometres, with 14 carriages, around 400 passengers, and locomotive Falkland.

2. By 1880, the railway system had expanded to about 9,000 miles, nearly 14,500 kilometres, showing rapid network growth during the steam era across much of India by then.

1. GLP-1 drugs are glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists used for treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity by stimulating insulin release and suppressing excess glucagon.

2. These drugs slow gastric emptying, increase the feeling of fullness, reduce appetite, and thereby contribute to weight loss in patients using them.