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1. “Necklace of Diamonds” is India’s geopolitical and maritime strategy to counter China’s growing influence in the Indo-Pacific and Indian Ocean Region.

2. It is considered India’s direct strategic response to China’s “String of Pearls” policy.

1. The “String of Pearls” refers to China’s strategy of developing a network of commercial and military ports across the Indian Ocean Region.

2. The term “String of Pearls” was coined by the United States to describe China’s expanding strategic presence around India.

1. US National Security Strategy (NSS) issued Nov 2025 breaks from unlimited global power claims, criticises globalism burdens, and frames policy around fewer priorities with clear, unambiguous language today.

2. Strategy repeats “America First”, connects ends and means, and rejects overstretch as global security provider, prioritising core interests rather than indefinite commitments or open-ended interventions abroad anymore today.

1. Indian Armed Forces safeguard sovereignty yet also act as first responders, delivering humanitarian, medical, and disaster relief, augmenting civilian capacities during major emergencies across India and partner countries.

2. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was a watershed for India’s HADR, requiring tri-services coordination; Army, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard mobilised manpower, equipment, and logistics across land, sea, and air.