Archive

1. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) was launched in 2014–15 under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) to promote climate-resilient and sustainable agriculture.

2. From 2018–19, NMSA was operationalised as a sub-mission under the Green Revolution–Krishonnati Yojana umbrella scheme.

1. India ranks as the world’s third-largest country in terms of large dams and currently has 6,628 specified dams, including 6,545 operational dams and 83 under construction.

2. The gross water storage capacity of India’s specified dams is approximately 330 billion cubic metres, making them vital for irrigation, hydropower, flood control, and water security.

1. The Great Nicobar Project aims to develop Great Nicobar Island into a strategic maritime and economic hub by leveraging its location near the East-West international shipping route.

2. The project site lies about 40 nautical miles from the East-West shipping route, giving it strong potential for transshipment activity and strategic maritime relevance in the Indian Ocean region.

1. World Wildlife Day is observed on 3 March, marking adoption of CITES, while the 2026 theme focuses on medicinal and aromatic plants, health heritage, and livelihoods.

2. India is among the world’s 17 mega biodiversity rich countries and holds nearly 7 percent of global biodiversity, giving special significance to medicinal plant conservation.

1. India’s energy system is being reshaped to provide reliable, affordable, cleaner, and more secure power for households, farms, industries, transport systems, and public services.

2. Average electricity availability in rural areas increased from 12.5 hours in 2014 to 22.6 hours, while urban power supply improved from 22.1 hours to 23.4 hours.

1) Average rural electricity supply improved from 12.5 hours in 2014 to 22.6 hours now, while urban supply improved from 22.1 hours in 2014 to 23.4 hours now.

2) India is among the world’s top three energy consumers, and electricity demand keeps rising with more households, growing industry, and expanding services.

1. India generates about 350 million tonnes of agricultural waste annually, including crop residues, husk, straw, and food-processing by-products, creating serious air, soil, and water contamination risks when mismanaged.

2. MNRE estimates agricultural residues could generate over 18,000 MW of power annually, alongside producing nutrient-rich organic fertilisers that improve soil health and significantly reduce dependence on chemical inputs.

1. From 2015 to 2025, every year ranked among the eleven warmest in a 176-year record; 2023, 2024, and 2025 were the three warmest years observed globally on record.

2. January to August 2025 mean near-surface temperature reached 1.42°C above the pre-industrial average, sustaining exceptional warmth and reinforcing the decade’s persistent global temperature anomaly across multiple observations worldwide.

1. Delhi–NCR’s winter pollution remains extreme; on 28 December 2025, Delhi recorded “hazardous” air with AQI 530, highlighting repeated seasonal spikes and worsening multi-year deterioration trends.

2. Short-term controls have included GRAP (Graded Response Action Plan) and routine mist-spray systems on central road verges to suppress dust, yet overall ambient air quality has not improved to acceptable levels.

1. Climate action is described as increasingly linking conservation, technology, and diplomacy into a holistic governance approach, reducing fragmented planning and improving coherence across sectors and landscapes.

2. Biodiversity protection is treated as a climate instrument, aligning habitat security with mitigation, adaptation, and long-term resilience, supported by statutory protections for continuity beyond political cycles.