Archive

1. In 2025, the Indo-Pacific witnessed increasing strategic competition and a shift from broad multilateralism toward minilateral and issue-based coalitions.

2. Regional states increasingly focused on functional cooperation in areas such as maritime domain awareness, semiconductor supply chains, logistics interoperability, and undersea infrastructure protection.

1. In 2025, West Asia experienced major instability due to the Gaza War, the Iran–Israel conflict, and the collapse of the Assad regime in Syria.

2. The Gaza War created a severe humanitarian crisis, with more than 66,000 deaths, around two-thirds of whom were civilians.

1. In 2025, Central Asian countries strengthened regional cooperation, economic diversification, and geopolitical balancing while emerging as a major Eurasian transit and energy hub.

2. The region continued following an intensified multi-vector foreign policy in 2025, balancing relations with Russia, China, the United States, the European Union, and other partners.

1. In 2025, Sri Lanka’s National People’s Power government under President Anura Kumara Dissanayake consolidated political authority after major victories in national and local elections.

2.The NPP secured around 3,927 seats and approximately 43 percent of the vote in the May 2025 local government elections.

1. In 2025, Pakistan’s political trajectory was shaped by a fragile post-election government under Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, closely aligned with the military establishment.

2. Imran Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf remained popular on the streets but was effectively excluded from formal politics, with its leadership facing criminal cases.

1. In 2025, Nepal witnessed major political upheaval after youth-led Gen Z protests erupted in September and toppled the coalition government led by Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli.

2. After consensus among Gen Z groups, the Army Chief, and the President, former Chief Justice Sushila Karki was appointed as Interim Prime Minister.

1. In 2025, Myanmar remained under entrenched military rule led by the State Administration Council (SAC) under Senior General Min Aung Hlaing.

2. The SAC announced a timetable for general elections scheduled from 28 December 2025 to January 2026.

1. In 2025, the Maldives approved a record National Budget of MVR 64.2 billion, while total expenditure stood at MVR 49.2 billion.

2. Revenue and grants for the Maldives in 2026 were projected at MVR 40.4 billion.

1. Bhutan’s governance model continues to emphasise Gross National Happiness (GNH), balancing cultural traditions with democratic governance and economic modernisation.

2. Since becoming a constitutional monarchy in 2008, Bhutan has maintained political stability through cooperation between the monarchy and parliamentary institutions.

1. In 2025, Bangladesh’s interim government under Muhammad Yunus faced political strain while trying to advance democratic reforms and build consensus among competing political factions.

2. Sheikh Hasina’s Bangladesh Awami League was banned from political activity in 2025, creating a political vacuum that was increasingly occupied by the BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami.