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Introduction

Launched in January 2025, the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) is India’s 7-year strategic blueprint (2024–25 to 2030–31) to secure supply chains of essential minerals critical for clean energy, electronics, transport, and defense. With ₹16,300 crore in government expenditure and ₹18,000 crore expected from PSUs, it aims to ensure mineral self-reliance and technological independence.

Introduction

GSAT-7R is India’s latest and most advanced communication satellite dedicated to the Indian Navy. Launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), it significantly strengthens maritime communication and operational capabilities across the vast Indian Ocean Region. This satellite marks a major milestone in India’s mission to build a secure, indigenous, and technologically superior defence infrastructure. By enhancing encrypted communication support for ships, submarines, aircraft, and naval bases, GSAT-7R elevates India into a new era of maritime security and strategic readiness.