Archive

1. In 2025, the Indo-Pacific witnessed increasing strategic competition and a shift from broad multilateralism toward minilateral and issue-based coalitions.

2. Regional states increasingly focused on functional cooperation in areas such as maritime domain awareness, semiconductor supply chains, logistics interoperability, and undersea infrastructure protection.

1. In 2025, West Asia experienced major instability due to the Gaza War, the Iran–Israel conflict, and the collapse of the Assad regime in Syria.

2. The Gaza War created a severe humanitarian crisis, with more than 66,000 deaths, around two-thirds of whom were civilians.

1. In 2025, Central Asian countries strengthened regional cooperation, economic diversification, and geopolitical balancing while emerging as a major Eurasian transit and energy hub.

2. The region continued following an intensified multi-vector foreign policy in 2025, balancing relations with Russia, China, the United States, the European Union, and other partners.

1. The 80th United Nations General Assembly began under the theme “Better Together: 80 years of peace, development and human rights” and focused on peace, development, and institutional reform.

2. At the 80th UNGA session, member states reaffirmed commitments related to the Sustainable Development Goals, climate resilience, gender equality, and the UN80 reform initiative.

1. In 2025, Russia operated in a difficult geopolitical environment shaped by the continuing Ukraine war, Western sanctions, and a broader transition toward a multipolar international order.

2. Domestic political stability in Russia remained strong in 2025, with President Vladimir Putin recording an approval rating of 86 percent in June 2025.

1. In 2025, China recalibrated its foreign policy under Xi Jinping amid intensifying competition with the United States, transatlantic frictions, and a shifting regional security environment.

2. China hosted the SCO Summit in Tianjin on 31 August–1 September 2025 and also participated in the BRICS Summit and the ASEAN–GCC–China Summit.

1. In 2025, the return of President Donald J. Trump was marked by assertive governance, deep political polarisation, and extensive use of executive authority in domestic and foreign policy.

2. The Trump administration used executive orders to reshape institutions, including a directive to review historical narratives in national museums and restore monuments under a “truthful” history framework.

1. India–EU ties gain strategic momentum ahead of New Delhi summit, aiming for a new Joint Strategic Agenda and revival of long-pending Free Trade Agreement negotiations across sectors rapidly.

2. EU became India’s largest goods trading partner, with bilateral merchandise trade about $136 billion in 2024–25, covering machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, metals, mineral products and textiles overall strength.

1) UN Peacekeeping supports countries moving from conflict to peace through deployed missions under UN mandates, complementing peacemaking and peacebuilding, with tasks expanding beyond military observation into multidimensional governance support.

2) India is among the largest contributors, with over 2,90,000 peacekeepers serving in more than 50 UN missions since the 1950s, reflecting sustained operational commitment across continents.

1. Over the past 11 years, India has expanded global influence through climate leadership, AI governance, public health diplomacy, humanitarian assistance, and strategic defence, aligning international engagement with national interest and inclusivity.

2. India’s G20 Presidency (Dec 2022–Nov 2023) spotlighted the Global South, hosted 200+ meetings in 60 cities, and convened the 18th Leaders’ Summit at Bharat Mandapam.