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1. Carbon Market Buildout: India is developing a regulated carbon pricing ecosystem, combining a rate-based emissions trading system with voluntary crediting to support decarbonisation and climate-aligned growth.

2. Rate-Based ETS Concept: In a rate-based ETS, entities face benchmark emissions-intensity limits rather than absolute caps, allowing flexibility for growth while still rewarding improved efficiency and competitiveness.

1. Somnath Swabhiman Parv (8–11 January 2026) marks 1,000 years since Mahmud of Ghazni’s first recorded assault on Somnath Temple in January 1026 at Prabhas Patan, Gujarat, Saurashtra, on western coastline.

2. Somnath is revered as the first among twelve Jyotirlingas, positioned at the start of India’s sacred spiritual geography, and remains a living symbol of civilisational continuity beside the Arabian Sea.

“We must adopt the mantra of ‘Reduce, Reuse, Recharge, and Recycle’ to secure the nation’s water future”

~Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi

1. Total annual groundwater recharge increased by 15 billion cubic meters in 2024, while annual extraction declined by 3 billion cubic meters compared with 2017.

2. Dynamic groundwater assessment 2024 estimates total annual recharge at 446.90 BCM, extractable resources at 406.19 BCM, and annual extraction at 245.64 BCM for planning.

Key Takeaways

Indian Railways has electrified about 99.2% of its network by November 2025, making it one of the world’s most extensively electrified rail systems.

Key Takeaways

Semiconductor chip design is the main value driver, contributing up to 50% of value addition, 20–50% of Bill of Materials cost (BOM), and 30–35% of global semiconductor sales via the fabless segment.
MeitY’s Design Linked Incentive (DLI) Scheme under the Semicon India Programme aims to build a self-reliant, globally competitive chip design ecosystem.

Key Takeaways

India targets 5 MMT of Green Hydrogen production annually by 2030.

A port-based Green Hydrogen pilot has been commissioned at V.O. Chidambaranar Port, and Deendayal Port Authority, Kandla has commissioned a megawatt-scale, indigenous Green Hydrogen Facility

Key Takeaways

According to a NITI Aayog report (August 2024), India ranks firstglobally in the production of rice bran oil, castor seed, safflower, sesame, and niger.
National Mission on Edible Oils (NMEO)aims to strengthen the country’s oilseed ecosystem and achieve Atmanirbharta in edible oil production.

Key Takeaways

PM Narendra Modi visited Jordan on December 15-16, 2025, his first full-fledged visit to the country.
Five MoUs were signed in the areas of renewable energy, water resource management, cultural exchange, digital solution and twinning between Petra and Ellora

Key Takeaways

PM Narendra Modi visited Ethiopia on 16-17 December 2025, on his first bilateral visit.
He was conferred with ‘Great Honor Nishan of Ethiopia’ country’s highest honour during Addis Ababa visit.

Key Takeaways

2025 Economic reforms focused on outcome-driven governance, simplifying systems, and boosting growth, inclusivity, and ease of doing business.