Archive

Defence Atmanirbharta: Record Production & Exports   Context India’s defence sector is undergoing rapid indigenisation under Aatmanirbhar Bharat, aiming to reduce import dependence, enhance exports, strengthen R&D, and enable private sector + MSME participation.   Key Achievements Highest-ever defence production ₹1.54 lakh crore (FY 2024–25). Indigenous production ₹1,27,434 crore in FY 2023–24 (174% rise from […]

INDIA’S BIOSPHERE RESERVES   INTRODUCTION On November 3, the International Day for Biosphere Reserves is observed to promote harmony between nature and communities. These reserves act as “living laboratories” for sustainable development, biodiversity protection, and local welfare. India celebrates this day with pride, having a strong network of 18 biosphere reserves covering 91,425 sq. km […]

150 YEARS OF VANDE MATARAM   INTRODUCTION 7 November 2025 marks the 150th anniversary of India’s National Song “Vande Mataram,” composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. First published in *Bangadarshan* (1875) and later included in *Anandamath* (1882). Set to music by Rabindranath Tagore; symbolizes unity, devotion, and nationalism.   HISTORICAL BACKGROUND First sung by Rabindranath Tagore […]

INDIA–EFTA TRADE AND ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (TEPA)    INTRODUCTION – The India–EFTA TEPA came into effect on 1 October 2025, signed on 10 March 2024 in New Delhi. – It is India’s first Free Trade Agreement with four developed European nations — Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein. – First FTA to include binding commitments on […]

India’s Critical Mineral Mission: Securing the Minerals of Tomorrow   Introduction Launched in January 2025, the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) is India’s 7-year strategic blueprint (2024–25 to 2030–31) to secure supply chains of essential minerals critical for clean energy, electronics, transport, and defense. With ₹16,300 crore in government expenditure and ₹18,000 crore expected from […]

GSAT-7R Satellite: A New Era in India’s Naval Communication Power Introduction GSAT-7R is India’s latest and most advanced communication satellite dedicated to the Indian Navy. Launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), it significantly strengthens maritime communication and operational capabilities across the vast Indian Ocean Region. This satellite marks a major milestone in India’s […]

Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025 – Passed August 2025 Passed in August 2025, this Act establishes a national framework for online gaming regulation in India. It distinguishes between games of skill and chance, prohibits real-money gambling platforms, promotes e-sports, and sets up a central regulatory body—making India one of the few countries […]

Pradhan Mantri Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana (PM-VBRY) – Launched 15 August 2025 On 15 August 2025, PM Modi announced the Pradhan Mantri Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana, a ₹1 lakh crore Employment Linked Incentives scheme under the “Viksit Bharat 2047” vision. It targets creation of 3.5 crore jobs in two years, offering wage support to youth […]