India’s Blockchain Governance Framework

 

1. National Blockchain Framework was officially launched on 4 September 2024 as India’s indigenous architecture for secure, scalable, and trusted blockchain-based governance applications.

2. The framework was initiated in March 2021 with a budget outlay of ₹64.76 crore to support blockchain adoption across governance and industry.

3. The core technological foundation of the framework is the Vishvasya Blockchain Stack, a modular indigenous platform for permissioned blockchain deployment.

4. Vishvasya provides Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS), allowing government entities to deploy blockchain applications without building and managing separate infrastructure.

5. The blockchain stack is deployed across National Informatics Centre (NIC) data centres located in Bhubaneswar, Pune, and Hyderabad for distributed resilience and scalability.

6. National Blockchain Framework also includes NBFLite, Praamaanik, and the National Blockchain Portal as major operational components for innovation, verification, and adoption support.

7. NBFLite functions as a sandbox platform for startups, research institutions, and students to prototype blockchain applications using smart contract templates in selected sectors.

8. Praamaanik is a blockchain-based application verification solution that checks the authenticity and source of mobile applications to reduce fraud and malicious app risks.

9. As of 21 October 2025, more than 34 crore documents had been securely verified through India’s blockchain-based platform.

10. Certificate Chain is used for secure storage and retrieval of certificates, including academic records such as Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) documents.

11. Document Chain provides a standard platform for storage and retrieval of government-issued documents such as caste certificates, income certificates, ration cards, driving licences, and birth or death certificates.

12. Logistics Chain is used for transparent tracking of goods movement, and Karnataka’s Aushada medicine supply system is one major use case integrated with blockchain.

13. As of 21 October 2025, 665 judiciary documents and more than 39,000 Inter-operable Criminal Justice System (ICJS) documents had been verified on the blockchain platform.

14. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has integrated blockchain-based Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) in the telecom ecosystem, covering more than 1.13 lakh entities.

15. Capacity-building under blockchain includes over 214 programmes that trained more than 21,000 government officials in emerging technologies, including blockchain.

 

Must Know Terms :

 

1.Vishvasya

Vishvasya is the core indigenous blockchain technology stack under the National Blockchain Framework. It is a modular permissioned platform designed for governance applications. It provides Blockchain-as-a-Service, allowing government departments to deploy blockchain solutions without building separate infrastructure. The stack is deployed across National Informatics Centre data centres in Bhubaneswar, Pune, and Hyderabad to ensure resilience, scalability, and distributed operations.

2.NBFLite

NBFLite is the sandbox version of India’s blockchain technology stack created for startups, research institutions, and students. It allows controlled experimentation without full-scale deployment requirements. It includes smart contract templates in domains such as supply chain and digital certificates, helping users rapidly prototype and test blockchain applications. Its role is to expand innovation, experimentation, and blockchain capacity building within the ecosystem.

3.Praamaanik

Praamaanik is a blockchain-based mobile application verification solution developed under the National Blockchain Framework. It checks the authenticity and source of mobile applications by matching app details with blockchain records. This helps users distinguish legitimate applications from fraudulent or malicious ones. Its significance lies in improving trust in the mobile ecosystem and reducing risks linked to fake apps and digital fraud.

4.Document Chain

Document Chain is a blockchain-enabled platform for secure storage and retrieval of government-issued records. It provides a standardised method for issuing authorities and consuming entities to access documents such as caste certificates, income certificates, ration cards, driving licences, and birth or death certificates. As of 21 October 2025, over 48,000 Document Chain records had been verified on the blockchain platform.

5.ICJS

Inter-operable Criminal Justice System (ICJS) is the blockchain-linked digital platform integrating India’s criminal justice ecosystem. It connects case records, evidence, and judicial documents within a unified framework to improve transparency and coordination. As of 21 October 2025, more than 39,000 ICJS documents had been verified on the blockchain platform. Its importance lies in strengthening digital linkage across police, courts, and justice institutions.

6.DLT

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is the blockchain-based system used for secure, tamper-resistant recording of transactions across multiple authorised participants. In India, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India integrated DLT into the telecom ecosystem for end-to-end tracking of SMS transmission chains. This large-scale deployment covered more than 1.13 lakh entities and significantly strengthened spam control, traceability, and consumer protection in telecom communications.

Key Takeaways

a) National Blockchain Framework was launched in September 2024 with a ₹64.76 crore budget.

b) National Blockchain Framework core components include Vishvasya Blockchain Stack, NBFLite, Praamaanik, and the National Blockchain Portal.

c) The Blockchain Technology Stack is deployed across NIC data centres in Bhubaneswar, Pune, and Hyderabad.

d) Over 34 crore documents verifiedon the blockchain platform, as of 21 October 2025.

 

MCQ

1. National Blockchain Framework was officially launched on:
A) 4 September 2024
B) 24 October 2025
C) 21 October 2025
D) 11 August 2023

2. The budget outlay of the National Blockchain Framework is:
A) ₹54.76 crore
B) ₹64.76 crore
C) ₹74.76 crore
D) ₹84.76 crore

3. The core technological foundation of the National Blockchain Framework is:
A) Praamaanik Stack
B) Document Chain
C) Vishvasya Blockchain Stack
D) Digital Trust Layer

4. Vishvasya provides which service model?
A) Software-as-a-Service
B) Platform-as-a-Service
C) Blockchain-as-a-Service
D) Network-as-a-Service

5. The Vishvasya Blockchain Stack is deployed across National Informatics Centre data centres in:
A) Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai
B) Bhubaneswar, Pune and Hyderabad
C) Bengaluru, Jaipur and Kolkata
D) Lucknow, Patna and Ahmedabad

6. NBFLite is mainly designed for:
A) tax administration
B) cyber forensics
C) startup and academic experimentation
D) telecom regulation

7. Praamaanik is used for:
A) land record mutation
B) verification of mobile applications
C) online tax payments
D) judicial summons delivery

8. As of 21 October 2025, more than how many documents had been verified through India’s blockchain-based platform?
A) 14 crore
B) 24 crore
C) 34 crore
D) 44 crore

9. Certificate Chain is used mainly for:
A) medicine transport monitoring
B) secure storage and retrieval of certificates
C) criminal evidence transfer
D) telecom message tracking

10. Which system in Karnataka is cited as a use case of the Logistics Chain?
A) Bhoomi
B) Aushada
C) Khajane
D) Seva Sindhu

11. As of 21 October 2025, how many judiciary documents had been verified on the blockchain platform?
A) 665
B) 6,650
C) 39,000
D) 48,000

12. More than how many Inter-operable Criminal Justice System documents had been verified on the blockchain platform by 21 October 2025?
A) 9,000
B) 19,000
C) 29,000
D) 39,000

13. In the telecom ecosystem, blockchain-based Distributed Ledger Technology was integrated by:
A) Reserve Bank of India
B) Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
C) Securities and Exchange Board of India
D) National Informatics Centre

14. The large-scale telecom Distributed Ledger Technology deployment covered more than:
A) 93,000 entities
B) 1.03 lakh entities
C) 1.13 lakh entities
D) 1.23 lakh entities

15. Capacity-building under blockchain included over how many programmes training more than 21,000 government officials?
A) 114
B) 164
C) 214
D) 264